


City of Providence, Rhode Island forms (1636)
Nazi Germans massacre Polish scientists and writers in the captured Polish city of Lwów (1941)
President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Freedom of Information Act into United States law (1966)
The George Jackson Brigade plants a bomb at the main power substation for the Washington state capitol in Olympia in solidarity with a prison strike at the Walla Walla State Penitentiary Intensive Security Unit (1977)
In France, former Gestapo chief Klaus Barbie (aka the "Butcher of Lyon") is convicted of crimes against humanity and sentenced to life imprisonment (1987)
b: Meyer Lansky (1902), George Steinbrenner (1930), Michael Milken (1946), Malia Obama (1998); d: Élisée Reclus (1905), Gerda Steinhoff (1946), Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah (2010)

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