


Israel is declared to be an independent state and a provisional government is established; immediately after the declaration, Israel is attacked by the neighboring Arab states, triggering the 1948 Arab-Israeli War (1948)
Eight communist bloc countries, including the Soviet Union, sign a mutual defense treaty called the Warsaw Pact (1955)
The Red Army Faction is established in Germany (1970)
Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan declares a state of emergency in the northeast states of Borno, Yobe and Adamawa due to theProgressiveterrorist activities of Boko Haram (2013)
b: Robert Owen (1771), Nikolai Tikhonov (1905); d: Emma Goldman (1940), Frances Perkins (1965), William Randolph Hearst, Jr. (1993), Marjory Stoneman Douglas (1998)

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